Sources
1. Nairametrics (2026, 2 September), AU to launch African Credit Rating Agency on October 7, nairametrics.com/2026/09/02/au-to-launch-african-credit-rating-agency-on-october-7/.
2. APRM and UNECA (2026), Africa Sovereign Credit Rating Review, 12th edition, 2025 End-Year Outlook, aprm.au.int/sites/default/files/files/2026-02/africa-sovereign-credit-rating-outlookend-year-2025.pdf; and 13th edition, 2026 Mid-Year Outlook, aprm.au.int.
3. African Union and APRM (n.d.), Africa Credit Rating Agency (AfCRA) brief, au.int/sites/default/files/documents/44466-doc-Brief_-_Africa_Credit_Rating_Agency_AfCRA.pdf.
4. The EastAfrican (n.d.), Africa is banking on own credit rating agency for better debt conditions, theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business-tech/africa-is-banking-on-own-credit-rating-agency-for-better-debt-5351376.
5. APRM and UNECA (2025), Africa Sovereign Credit Rating Outlook, 10th edition, 2024 Year-End Review, aprm.au.int/sites/default/files/files/2025-02/10th-edition-csr-eng.pdf; and 11th edition, 2025 Mid-Year Outlook, aprm.au.int.
6. UNDP (2026), Africa Credit Ratings Resource Platform (accessed 6 October 2026), undp.org/africa/credit-ratings-resource-platform.
7. APRM and UNECA (2021 to 2024), Africa Sovereign Credit Rating Review, editions 3 to 9 (2021H1 to 2024H1), aprm.au.int.
8. Institute for Security Studies, ISS Africa (2026), Can an African credit rating agency overcome investor scepticism?, issafrica.org/iss-today/can-an-african-credit-rating-agency-overcome-investor-scepticism.
9. IPS (2025, 6 May), A premium is what Africa pays for poor credit perception, ipsnews.net/2025/05/a-premium-is-what-africa-pays-for-poor-credit-perception/.
10. Guardian Nigeria (2026), AU to launch African Credit Rating Agency on October 7, guardian.ng/?p=2909964.
11. The New Times, Rwanda (2026, 31 July), Africa's first continental credit rating agency set to be launched in October, newtimes.co.rw/article/37827/news/business/africas-first-continental-credit-rating-agency-set-to-be-launched-in-october/amp.
12. Daily News Tanzania (2026), African Union launching credit rating agency, dailynews.co.tz/?p=158293.
Note sur les données : les notes présentées sont celles publiées dans les tableaux d'actions de l'APRM et de la CEA, éditions 3 à 13 (2021S1 à 2026S1), à fin 2026S1. Ce n'est pas un recensement complet, et certaines notes ont changé depuis. La République du Congo est omise car ses niveaux divergent d'une édition à l'autre. Le texte et le tableau de la 12e édition divergent sur les agences ayant relevé le Ghana et la Zambie ; cet article suit le tableau. Les décomptes semestriels sont la compilation de l'auteur des pays comptant au moins un relèvement ou un abaissement.
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